标点那些事之Colon,Hyphen, and Apostrophe_【ACT论坛】

标点事儿真多，Rita讲不停！...

哈喽，又到了Rita给大家来讲ACT语法的时间啦！先给大家出个考题，标题中的三个单词认识否？认识的童鞋们有赏。（呱唧呱唧）不认识的童鞋可以记下来，分别表示冒号，连字号，单引号。

前面两期Rita已经和大家分享了逗号和分号的用法（这两个是考试的重点哦），今天我们就一起来剖析下以上三种标点符号的用法吧。这三种标点呢在ACT语法选项里面出现的频率并不高，但我们也要熟悉，防患于未然嘛。

提到冒号(Colon)，大家立刻秒反“解释说明”四个大字。从通俗意义上来说的确没错，那站在学术的角度Rita告诉你: the colon is a signal that something is tofollow: a rephrased statement, a list or series, or a formal quotation. ACT中常出现的是后两者(举例和引用)。

例：

1. A popover has four common ingredients：flour，milk，salt，and butter.(举例)

2. After fiveminutes of silence, the actor uttered those famous words:“To be or notto be; that is a the question.”(引用)

在冒号使用的过程中还需要规避以下误区：

误区1：冒号前面不是一个独立完整句。例：Tasks thatI must complete today：mow the lawn, read two chapters of history, and tidy my room. 该例子中Tasks thatI must complete today是一个名词短语(tasks是名词，后面定语从句去修饰它)，所以前面不是一个完整句，只是一个名词，该例子也不是一个句子结构。

误区2：一个冒号错误地分割了句子的重点。例：In updatingmy computer, I added: a hard disk, a laser printer, and a fine-resolutionmonitor. 该例子中冒号错误地分割了动词和它的直接宾语。应改为：In updating my computer, I added some new components: a hard disk, alaser printer, and a fine-resolution monitor.

误区3：一个句子中有多个冒号存在。例：The successof the action depended on three variables：that theweather would hold out, that the supplies would arrive on time, and that theenemy would be short on three things: planes,ammunition, and food.应改为：The success of the action depended on three variables：thatthe weather would hold out, that the supplies would arrive on time, and thatthe enemy would be short on planes, ammunition, and food.

连字符(Hyphen)的用法：1.一行末尾的音节分割线 2.连接复合形容词 3.数字21-99的英语表达。其中最常出现的第二种用法，例：a well-used coat.(注：连字符连接的复合形容词后必须要有名词出现，否则不能用连字符连接。例：Her coat was well used.)

单引号（Apostrophe）的用法:1.单数名词+单引号+字母s表示该单数名词的所属关系，例：Lucy’s cat. 2.复数名词（以S结尾）直接加单引号表示所属关系，例:girls’ room。注；个别名词变复数时是不规则变法，比如man-men, child-children等，那么它们的所属关系表达即为men’s,children’s.3.缩写，例：is not –isn’t等。

单引号在ACT语法考试中的易错点：把代词和谓语动词的缩写和物主代词混淆。比如its和it’s（it is），their和they’re(they are).

Rita依旧给大家留了练习题，赶紧行动起来吧。

1.It has littlerunning water, electricity, or phone, and Glacier National Park is just acrossthe river that flows past her cabin door.

F. NO CHANGE

G. passed hercabin

H. passed hercabin's

J. past hercabins'

2.While NewYorker's sometimes take Central Park for granted, visitors are oftenastonished to discover the size and variety.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Yorker's,

C. Yorkers

D. Yorkers'

F. NO CHANGE

G. its

H. it's

J. their