英语重要的事情除了说三遍，还可以……

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英语重要的事情除了说三遍，还可以······

我们在英语书面表达中，遇到重要的事情，为了更好地表情达意，为了更多地吸睛，除了说三遍，还可以从修辞、词汇、语法三个方面来寻找攻略。

第一，词汇攻略

词跟词是不一样的，正如“同样是生活在一起的两口子，差距咋就那么大呢”：有些词天生高冷，有些词生就多情。而这些多情的词多起情来“情不知所起，一往而深”，在助动词、形容词、副词、代词里都可以找得到。

1.助动词（dodoesdid）等

Newt did stop. He did turn. He did call. "Catharine," he called.

纽特确实停下了脚步，他的确转过身来，他喊道：“凯瑟琳！”                                  ——张白桦译作《爱旅无涯》

2.形容词（mere outright

thoroughcompletepureonlysinglevery）等

I have to thank everyone from the very onset of my career Mr. Kaden Jones forcasting me for my first film.

感谢我出道时遇到的伯乐，给了我第一个角色的卡顿·琼斯先生。

——张白桦译作《小李子获奖感言》

3.副词（neveralwaysjustseldomvery
ight
ooeven）等

"You've nevereven kissed me," she said, and she protected herself with her hands."I don't mean you should do it now. I just mean that this is all sounexpected. I haven't got the remotest idea of how to respond."

“你甚至从来没有吻过我。”说完，她又后悔了，所以直摆手护着自己，“我不是说你现在应该吻，我的意思是说，这一切都太出人意料啦，我简直都不知道该如何应对啦。”                                                      ——张白桦译作《爱旅无涯》

4.反身代词（myselfyourselfherselfhimselfitself
hemselves）等

I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivorytower and into the real world.

我当老师是因为我可以找到让我和学生们走出象牙塔，进入现实世界的途径。

I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.

我当老师是因为，活在开始呼吸成长的人中间，我有时会发觉自己与他们同呼吸，共成长。                                                             ——张白桦译作《我为什么教书》

5.短语(in every wayin no wayy all meansy no meansonly tooalltoout tooin heavenin the worldin hellon earthunder the sun)等

If there was a man in the world whom he detested and wishedill to it was Georg Znaeym, as boys they had thirsted for one another’s blood,and tonight, there was movement and unrest among the creatures that were wontto sleep through the dark hours.

如果说杰傲在这世上还有一个憎恶诅咒的人的话，那就是格朗威茨，自孩提时起，俩人就大有欲饮对方之血，啖对方之肉的夙愿。                                          ——张白桦译作《仇家》

第二，语法攻略

1.句首

whenever wherever you are

不论何时何地

——电视剧《太阳的后裔》

Yet whichever it was, there would inevitably the regrets.

然而不论选择哪一个，都会不可避免地留下遗憾。                                         ——张白桦译作《因为爱情》

2.结构(it is(was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他
ot...until…)

“That’s what I said,” Bernie told him. He knew hehad to be tough to make this thing work. He screwed his mouth so his teeth would show.

“没错儿。”伯尼肯定地回答，他意识到态度要粗暴强硬些才能奏效，于是扭了扭嘴，作呲牙状。

——张白桦译作《打个劫》

But the chipmunk slept all day and did notget up and have breakfast until after dark.

可是金花鼠却睡了一整天，直到天黑以后才起床吃早饭。                                  ——张白桦译作《伯劳与金花鼠》

3.定语从句（the person who the thing that
he place where
he daywhen the reason why）

But I'm kind of leaning towards a place where I can go for long walks,

breathe fresh air and take some nice pictures.

但是我有点倾向于去一个可以长时间散步的地方，

那里空气新鲜，还可以拍一些美丽的照片。

——张白桦译作《度假休闲 酸酸甜甜》

4.比较状语从句（the more … the more …

o … more than
ot A so much as B）等

As for Nancy, what else could she do but sit there with her pretty blonde head bent over her typewriter? Nancy was a natural blonde, and that seemed the best way to describe her. She just didn’t seem to know any tricks such as Paula did    for making herself more popular with the boss.

至于南希，除了坐在那里，漂亮的金发垂在打字机上，她还能怎么样？南希是天生的金发碧眼，这个词用来形容她再合适不过了。她似乎不会像保拉那样用技巧来讨老板的欢心。

——张白桦译作《升职记》

“Hands up?” The filling station man looked surprised more thanfrightened.

“举起手来？”加油站的工作人员与其说是害怕，还不如说是惊讶。                               ——张白桦译作《打个劫》

5.whathow从句

You may think that the boy is cruel to the tree butthat's how all

of us are treating our parents.

你也许觉得那个男孩很残忍，但我们何尝不是在这样对待我们的父母呢？

——张白桦译作《男孩与树》

6.倒装句

Cautiously he raised himself and peered over the parapet.

他小心翼翼地从护墙内探出身来窥望。

——张白桦译作《两个狙击手》

It is the opinion of my grandmother，God bless her，that all men  should labor.

这是我祖母的观点，她认为是人都应该干活儿，愿上帝保佑她。

——张白桦译作《牧羊人的女儿》

7.双重否定

And to my parents, none of this would be possible without you.

感谢我的父母，没有你们，一切皆无可能。

——张白桦译作《小李子获奖感言》

第三，修辞攻略

1.重复（repitition）

重要的事情说二遍，说三遍，或者，随便你多少遍。

The lights on the avenue blurred, twinkled, blurred.

街道上灯光朦朦胧胧，闪闪烁烁。                                              ——张白桦译作《初秋》

“Many, many, many things are good about Henry!Yes," she said, "and many,many, many things are probably bad, too. But that isn't any of your business."

亨利有好多、好多、好多优点！就是这样。当然，也许还有许多、许多

许多缺点，可这不关你的事。”                                               ——张白桦译作《爱旅无涯》

2.夸张（hyperbole）

A muffler shop:

No appointmentnecessary, we hear you coming.

消声器店：

预约没必要，我们听到你来了！

——张白桦译作《爆笑行业代言》

3.曲言（litotes）

He tried again, but there was still no response, sohe flew into  the house and on to my knee, and looked up at me, as if to say, “ You’ll have to excuse her, she’s a bit shy.”

他又唤了一声，还是没有回音。于是，他飞进屋来落到我膝上。他仰起头来看着我，仿佛在说，“你要原谅她才是，她只是有点怕羞。                                  ——张白桦译作《人鸟之间》

4.反语(irony)

Nick calmly asked, “What do you want for your daughter, Mr. Parkinson?”

“Money,” Mr. Parkinson replied. “I want her to have luxury possible－to be     able to lead the life she has now.”

“Then I will secure it for her.”

Mr. Parkinson laughed. “You make it sound simple. Where will you find it?”

“I’ll have to give the matter some thought.”

“Considerable thought,” Mr. Parkinson said mockingly.

尼克平静地问道：“你想给伊丽莎白要什么，帕金森先生？”

“钱，”帕金森先生答道。“我要给她一切可能有的奢华——过她现在正在过的生活。”

“我可以保证她有。”

帕金森先生不由得哈哈大笑，“你说得轻巧，你去哪儿找？”

“这件事，我要考虑一下。”

“好好考虑一下吧，”帕金森先生语含讥讽。

——张白桦译作《贫民窟里的百万富翁》

5.层进（climax）

A warning on the fence of a forbidden area:

No trespassing! Violators will be shot; survivors will be shot again.

一处禁区围墙上的警示：

严禁擅闯！违者将被射杀；幸存者将被再次射杀。

——张白桦译作《爆笑行业代言》

6.对照（contrast）

In acounselor's office:

Growing old is mandatory, growing wise is optional.

在咨询师办公室：

变老迈不由己，变聪明可选择。

——张白桦译作《爆笑行业代言》

Over the next few weeks, a change came over John. Agreement replaced contrariness, quiet, reasoned discussion replaced argument.

在接下来的几个星期里，约翰身上发生了微妙的变化：不再逆反而是听话，不再强词夺理而是心平气和，有商有量。

——张白桦译作《魔法大衣》

7.比喻（similemetaphor）

No more trampling hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells,beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.

不闻马蹄得得，不闻车轮辚辚，惟闻雪橇铃儿响叮当，宛若童心搏动疾且欢！

——张白桦译作《初雪》

Dear Charlie. He died a champion. In his heroic battle, hehad, at last, flown high, like the free spirit he was meant to be. That  evening, the birthday celebration became a funeral as the whole family  gathered to pay respects to one of our own.

亲爱的查理，他死得像个冠军。在这场战斗中，你终于像你自由的精神曾经渴望的那样，高翔于蓝天之上，你是英雄，你虽死犹荣。那天晚上的生日宴会改成了葬礼，全家人一起向我们的家庭人员致敬。

——张白桦译作《不会飞的鸟》

（本文选自张白桦所著《译家之言》。译例选自微信公众号“白桦译林”，欲知详情，可查看历史消息。）

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